To: 
From: "Steve Oostrom" 
Reply-To: trekcreative{at}yahoogroups.com

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>Starfleet's main antimatter production facility is located on=20
Mercury. Powered by Extensive solar power arrays the production=20 facility
takes the Raw material and slag left by almost 2 centuries=20 of mining and
smelting operations on the planets surface to provide=20 the mass for
production.  Starfleet and most warp-capable vessels use=20 anti-deuterium
and deuterium to provide the fuel for the warp cores.=20=20 Starfleet
antimatter is known to have a VERY high quality and purity=20 factor.

Exactly what do you mean by "high quality and purity factor?" 
The thing is antimatter has to be *100%* pure.  If there is any matter
mixed in, then, unless the atoms are at absolute zero, matter will meet
antimatter with obvious consequences.

>  This is important because the reaction needs to have equal=20
amounts of matter/antimatter to provide the most effiecent reaction=20
possible and to reduce "erosion" of warp-core components.  If
for=20 example the amount of anti-matter is slighty higher than matter
then=20 stray particles of antimatter may be able to escape the reaction
zone=20 and impact other parts of the core, while the amount of
antimatter=20 that can esacape this way is too small to cause a
catestrophic breach=20 in most cases it does cause a slow degredation of
the dilithium=20 chamber and surrounding structure.  Thus every attempt is
made to=20 ensure that the deuterium/ antideuterium streams are as free
of=20 foreign particles and atoms as possible. Starfleet generally
achieves=20 the highest purity rates, though some of the wealthier
Ferengi=20 cartels claim higher rates.

Two things here.  First of all, the one-to-one ratio of matter to antimatte= r
is something conditioned by the warp engine itself, and not the source
fuel.  Essentially there are two steams, matter and antimatter, and they
are introducted into the reaction chamber with the proper ratio by the
injector array.  Second, it is highly likely that the actual reaction
invol= ves
protons and antiprotons only.  Doing it this way allows the matter and
antimatter streams to be controlled because the protons are positively
charged and the antiprotons are negatively charged.  Since hydrogen is the
source fuel and hydrgoen is plentiful, I think it's more logical to convert
hydrogen to antihydrogen.  Since all that matters is mass, there is no
appreciable difference in using two proton/antiproton reactions instead of
one proton/antiproton and one neutron/antineutron reaction. To totally
control the reaction, the deuterium would have to be split up before
entering the injector array.  There's also the matter of the electro= ns
and positrons.

>Antimatter production involves four main stages:

>In stage 1 the raw material is heated till it loses atomic cohesion=20
and the atoms obtain enough energy for the component particles to=20 break down.

I presume this means reducing the hydrogen atoms to protons and electrons
held in a high-enegy plasma.

>  The resulting plasma is subjected to a Quantum reversal=20
field that flips the spin of the particles transferring them into the=20
equivelant anti-particle.  After the conversion the plasma is cooled=20 and
begins to condense into anti-hyrdrogen and anti-deuterium. Along=20 with a
tiny smattering of heavier elements.=20=20

I think it's a bit more complicated than that.  First of all, protons and n= eutrons
are baryons, and so are composed of quarks, while electrons are leptons and
have a totally different structure.  The pattern of quarks and antiquarks
i= nside
protons, neutrons, antiprotons and antineutrons are all different and would=
 have
to be converted to their corresponding forms in the conversion reactions.

In Steve-Trek, I imagine that quarks and electrons can break down into even
simpler particles (called quarkinos and electroninos) and these share some
properties.  Neutrinos come in three varieties, the electron-neutrino and
t= he tau-
neutrino and one other whose name I forget.  These apparently can change
from one to the other, and the fact that they do explains why the count of
neutrinos from the sun is far below what the models on solar fusion
reactio= ns
predict.  The electronino is the "essence" of the leptons, and
when free, a= s in
neutrinos, it can change from one format to another, while when bound with
the components that produce charge and mass, they do not.  The conversion
of electron to positron occurs because of fields that can manipulate the
Hi= ggs
(mass-generating) field can momentairly free the electronino component and
cause it to change from one from to the other.  This is done
simultaneously=
 with
the quarkinos as well so that the charges can "jump" and be
conserved.  Onc= e
the inhibting fields are removed, the quarks recombine into the antiproton,
accompanied by a positron.  The antihydrogen is stored in a magnetic bottle
until needed.  When the antihydrogen is used, it is turned into a plasma
an= d
the positrons stripped off.  The electron-positron reaction produces a lot = less
power and no subetheromagnetic effects (in Steve-Trek, the part of the phys= ics
that produces the warpfield and accounts for faster-than-light travel). but=
 it can
be used as an internal power source to power the warp engine systems.

>After seperation the deuterium is stored in standard antimatter=20
storage pods for shipment out to starbases and refit stations.

>Ok.. Thats what I have so far...  Im still working on the fate of the=20
non deuterium elements that are seperated out and a few of the=20 technical
kinks, like how the 2 versions of hydrogen are seperated=20 from each other
and minor details like that...=20

Is there a reason why deuterium/antideuterium must be used, and not hydroge= n/
antihydrogen?

>Let me know what you think, but bear in mind I'm not likely to change=20
the basic manufacturing process unless a good compelling reason comes=20 up

It's not what I would use.  Steve-Trek starships, especially larger ones,
h= ave devices
called on-line converters, which converts matter into antimatter on the fly=
, as needed
by the engines.  Very little antimatter is stored (usually when intense
bur= sts of power
are needed, which could be beyond the abilities of the on-line system). 
Th= e advantage
of this is that it gives the starship infinite range.  All it has to do is
= scoop up inter-
stellar hydrogen using the ramscoops, or enter a zone of high hydrogen
conc= entration,
such as gas-giant planets.

Steve
The Universe Unbounded.

Visit "Star Trek: Athena" at http://ussathena.iwarp.com





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>Starfleet's main antimatter production facility is located on
Mercury. Powered by Extensive solar power arrays the production
facility
takes the Raw material and slag left by almost 2 centuries of
mining and smelting operations on the planets surface to provide
the mass for production.  Starfleet and most
warp-capable vessels use
anti-deuterium
and deuterium to provide the fuel for the warp cores. 
Starfleet antimatter is known to have a VERY high quality and
purity factor.
 
Exactly what do you mean by
"high quality and
purity factor?"  The thing
is antimatter has to be *100%*
pure.  If
there
is any matter mixed in,
then, unless the atoms are at absolute zero,
matter
will meet antimatter
with obvious
consequences.
 
>  This is important because the reaction needs
to have equal
amounts of matter/antimatter to provide the most effiecent reaction
possible and to reduce "erosion" of warp-core
components.  If for
example the amount of anti-matter is slighty higher than matter then
stray particles of antimatter may be able to escape the reaction zone
and impact other parts of the core, while the amount of
antimatter that
can esacape this way is too small to cause a catestrophic breach
in most cases it does cause a slow degredation of the dilithium
chamber and surrounding structure.  Thus every attempt
is made to ensure that the deuterium/ antideuterium streams are
as free of foreign particles and atoms as possible. Starfleet
generally achieves the highest purity rates, though some of the
wealthier Ferengi cartels claim higher
rates.
Two things here.  First of all, the
one-to-one
ratio of matter to antimatter
is something conditioned by the warp engine
itself,
and not the source
fuel.  Essentially there
are two steams,
matter and antimatter, and they
are introducted into the reaction
chamber with the
proper ratio by the
injector array.  Second,
it is highly likely
that the actual reaction involves
protons and antiprotons
only.  Doing it this
way allows the matter and
antimatter streams to be
controlled because the
protons are positively
charged and the antiprotons are negatively
charged.  Since hydrogen is
the source fuel and hydrgoen is
plentiful, I think
it's more logical to
convert hydrogen to
antihydrogen.  Since all
that matters is mass,
there is no appreciable difference
in using two
proton/antiproton reactions
instead of one proton/antiproton and one
neutron/antineutron reaction.
To totally control the reaction,
the deuterium
would have to be split up
before entering the injector
array.  There's
also the matter of the electrons
and
positrons.
>Antimatter production involves four main
stages:>In
stage 1 the raw material is heated till it loses atomic cohesion
and the atoms obtain enough energy for the component particles to
break down.
 
I presume this means reducing the
hydrogen atoms
to
protons and electrons
held in a high-enegy
plasma.
 
>  The resulting plasma is subjected to a Quantum reversal
field that flips the spin of the particles transferring them into the
equivelant anti-particle.  After the conversion the
plasma is cooled
and begins to condense into anti-hyrdrogen and anti-deuterium. Along
with a tiny smattering of heavier elements.  
 
I think it's a bit more complicated than
that.  First of all, protons and neutrons
are baryons, and so are composed
of quarks, while
electrons are leptons and
have a totally different
structure.  The
pattern of quarks and antiquarks inside
protons, neutrons, antiprotons and
antineutrons
are
all different and would have
to be converted to their
corresponding forms in
the
conversion reactions.
 
In Steve-Trek, I imagine that
quarks and electrons
can break down into even
simpler particles (called quarkinos and
electroninos) and these share some
properties.  Neutrinos
come in three
varieties, the electron-neutrino and the tau-
neutrino and one other whose name
I forget. 
These apparently can change
from one to the other, and the
fact that they do
explains why the count of
neutrinos from the sun is far below what the
models
on solar fusion reactions
predict.  The electronino
is the "essence" of
the leptons, and when free, as in
neutrinos, it can change from one format to
another, while when bound with
the components that produce charge
and mass, they
do not.  The conversion
of electron to positron occurs
because of fields
that can manipulate the Higgs
(mass-generating) field can
momentairly free the
electronino component and
cause it to change from one from to the
other.  This is done simultaneously with
the quarkinos as well so that the
charges can
"jump" and be conserved.  Once
the inhibting fields are removed, the quarks
recombine into the antiproton,
accompanied by a
positron.  The antihydrogen
is stored in a magnetic bottle
until needed.  When the
antihydrogen is used,
it is turned into a plasma and
the positrons stripped off.  The
electron-positron reaction produces a lot less
power and no subetheromagnetic effects (in
Steve-Trek, the part of the physics
that produces the warpfield and accounts for
faster-than-light travel). but it can
be used as an internal power
source to power the
warp engine systems.
>After seperation the deuterium is stored in
standard antimatter
storage pods for shipment out to starbases and refit
stations.>Ok.. Thats what I have so
far...  Im still working on the fate of the non
deuterium elements that are seperated out and a few of the
technical kinks, like how the 2 versions of hydrogen are
seperated
from each other and minor details like that... 
Is there a reason why
deuterium/antideuterium must
be used, and not hydrogen/
antihydrogen?
>Let me know what you think, but bear in mind
I'm not likely to
change the basic manufacturing process unless a good compelling
reason comes
up
 
It's not what I would
use.  Steve-Trek
starships, especially larger ones, have devices
called on-line converters, which
converts matter
into antimatter on the fly, as needed
by the engines. 
Very little antimatter
is stored (usually when intense bursts of power
are needed, which could be beyond
the abilities of
the on-line system).  The advantage
of this is that it gives the
starship infinite
range.  All it has to do is scoop up inter-
stellar hydrogen using the
ramscoops, or enter a
zone of high hydrogen concentration,
such as gas-giant
planets.
 
Steve
The Universe
Unbounded.
 
Visit "Star Trek: Athena" at http://ussathena.iwarp.com;">http://ussathena.iwarp.comhttp://ussathena.iwarp.com">http://ussathena.iwarp.com;
 







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