TIP: Click on subject to list as thread! ANSI
echo: pro_audio
to: LEE JACKSON
from: KARSTEN CHIKURI
date: 1996-04-23 04:10:00
subject: Re: +4v vs -10v

        Dear Lee,
                        Concerning your question concerning line levels:
          1) Unless my memory has failed me (which happens more
                often than I care to mention) -10v IS consumer level.
          2) Anything between +4v to +10v is considered to
                professional line level.
          Now, as far as recommending the proper line level for your
          system - that depends on the equipment your running, and how
          you have that set up. (General rule of thumb is that anything
          that doesn't allow you to change line levels (+10,+4,0,-10) is
          considered to be a consumer level product (of course, there are
          a few exceptions - actually, very few.).
          One way to test your equipment is to send a 10 decibel signal
          through your board to each piece of equipment you have an check
          to see what the difference in readings are.
          For example, if you send 10 db of white/pink noise through your
          board, out to one of your effects and return back to the mixer.
          Take the return line an send it to one of your sub-groups, that way
          you can monitor both the input and output levels at the same time.
          If your output level (from your effects) is 10 db higher than your
          input level, then your effects are set up for professional line
          levels - and it is recommended that your mixer should be set
          to pro line level as well. Of course, running your mixer at 
onsumer
          line levels won't hurt your equipment - you'll just get less 
ignal,
          which might not be very desirable for your purposes.
          Just remember, anytime you do any kind of testing of this kind -
          you should always start out with 0db (no signal) and slowly move
          up. That way, you won't run the risk of damaging any of your
          equipment.
          BTW - What kind of mixer / effects are you running.
                The setup I'm using at work (National Guard actually) is
                the following:
           1 - 24 track Soundcraft Delta mixing board
           1 - 16 track Soundcraft delta mixing board
           1 - Tascam DA-88 8 track digital audio recorder
           1 - Sony (can't remember model) DAT recorder
           2 - Sony ("                  ") CD players
        plethora - EV monitors, Subwoofer, and Mains
        whew!!! Well, I hope this message will help you out - if not, send me
        message and I'll work it out with you.
                                Sincerely,
                                        Karsten Chikuri
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