http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,12170249%255E2703,00.html

Roger Dobson and Will Iredale, London
February 07, 2005
BOYS may be outperformed by girls at school but there is a glimmer of hope
for them. Researchers claim to have found scientific proof that men can
think faster than women.

Their study found that men's brain cells could transmit nerve impulses
faster than women's - potentially giving males the intellectual edge.

The claim will add fuel to the debate recently triggered by Larry Summers,
the president of Harvard University, who challenged the prevailing wisdom
when he suggested women were innately less able than men in subjects such as
maths and science.

The new study is likely to prompt similar anger. This weekend, the
intellectual credentials of the researchers - all male - were themselves
already being challenged by other eminent neurologists. In the study,
scientists measured nerve conduction velocity, the speed at which messages
passed through and between brain cells.

Other studies have suggested the speed of such impulses is linked to
intelligence, drawing parallels with computers, where faster processors
result in more power to carry out tasks quickly.









The latest paper, to be published shortly in the academic journal
Intelligence, will say: "Males had four faster NCVs than females. This very
significant sex difference in all test conditions in favour of males was
most unexpected."

Under the research, scientists carried out investigations on 186 male and
201 female Canadian students, who were subjected to a battery of cognitive
tests to assess their intelligence and other mental skills.

Researchers also measured the length of their subjects' heads to estimate
the distance impulses would have to travel from the eye to the primary
visual cortex, which interprets what someone is seeing.

Then they used electrodes to measure how long it took for an image flashed
in front of the eye to send an impulse back to the visual cortex.

Professor Edward Reed, a zoologist at Toronto University, and Philip Vernon
and Andrew Johnson, psychologists at the University of Western Ontario,
found the impulses were speeding through men's brains faster than through
women's. They suggest this is because the nerves in men's brains have a
slightly thicker coating of myelin, a fatty material which protects the
nerves and improves conductivity.

The report concludes: "We find that males have four faster NCVs than females
with each of the three test conditions, probably due to their faster
increase of white matter in the brain during adolescence."

The researchers appear to have realised only recently that such conclusions
could prove political and controversial. This weekend all three were
refusing to comment on their findings although Vernon said he would consider
replying to emails.

It has long been clear that men's and women's brains do have important
differences and each tends to perform certain tasks slightly better than the
other. For example, some studies suggest men have better spatial skills,
while women may be more emotionally aware and verbally fluent.

However, most experts point out that the differences are small compared with
the similarities and that there is far more variation between individuals
than genders.

Bruce Burns, assistant professor in the department of psychology at Michigan
State University, conducted a study of chess players, suggesting those who
were quicker thinkers were likely to make better moves.

He said: "There is controversy about sex difference but there seems to be a
fair amount of agreement that men do tend to have better visual spatial
skills. However, I am not sure we can say that makes them more intelligent."

Desmond Morris, the social anthropologist and zoologist, said evolutionary
pressures were likely to have given men and women slightly different skills.
"Perhaps men's better visual responses came from having to hunt animals
while women developed personal skills from child-rearing and co-operating to
grow or gather plants," he said.

However, others reject such simple analyses, comparing the methods of the
Canadian research to phrenology, a discredited Victorian science which
attempted to link intelligence, creativity and other mental faculties to the
size and shape of people's skulls.

Professor Steven Rose, director of the brain and behaviour research group at
Britain's Open University, said previous studies suggested no difference in
decision-making between men and women. "It is true that men and women use
different parts of the brain for similar tasks but the time taken to
complete the tasks is identical."

Bea Campbell, the feminist writer and historian, also questioned the
findings. "The distribution of intelligence is much the same for all genders
and all races," she said. "Our experience and common sense tells
us that the
quest to prove one or another biological group is brainier than the other is
really a vain exercise."

The Sunday Times



-- 
Men are everywhere that matters!





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