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Acknowledgments
Dave Chess, IBM
Shane Coursen, Symantec
Sarah Gordon, Command
Tom Simondi
Heather Stern, McAfee; and many others at McAfee
Appendix A
The Directory Entry
A directory file consists of sequential 32 byte entries:
Byte Description
0-7 Filename
Byte 0 indicates the status of the directory entry.
Value Meaning
00h This entry has never been used.
Directory
searches can stop here.)
E5h The actual first character is an E5h.
E5h This entry has been erased (it's free).
2Eh Dot. This is the entry which holds
information about this directory cluster.
If the second character is also 2Eh, then
his
entry is dot-dot, or the parent directory. If
the parent directory is the root directory,
then cluster number will be 0000h.
8-10 Filename extension
11 File Attribute
The file attribute is a bit mapped value.
Bit Meaning
01h 1 = Read-only file. If function 3Dh or
Ch
is used to open the file for output, an error
code is returned.
02h 1 = Hidden file. This file is excluded
from
normal directory searches.
04h 1 = System file. This file is excluded
from
normal directory searches.
08h 1 = Volume ID in the first 11 bytes. This
file is excluded from normal directory
searches.
No other fields are interpreted. Windows 95
marks this bit for its LongFileName entries.
10h 1 = Subdirectory file. This entry points
to a subdirectory and thus is not searched.
20h 1 = (Archive bit) File has been written
to and closed. BACKUP and RESTORE uses this
bit to determine if a file has been changed
since the last BACKUP.
12-21 Reserved (OS/2 uses some of these bytes)
22-23 File Creation or Last Changed Time
The time is encoded into 16 bits:
Bits Meaning
0-4 Seconds (in 2 second increments)
5-10 Minutes (0-59)
11-15 Hours (0-23)
24-25 File Creation or Last Changed Date
The date is encoded into 16 bits:
Bits Meaning
0-4 Day (1-31)
5-8 Month (1-12)
9-15 Year + 1980 (0-119: 1980-2099)
26-27 First Cluster of the File. One uses this number
to index through the File Allocation Table to
determine the chain of the full file. (Standard
Intel 16 bit value).
28-31 File Size (standard Intel 32 bit value)
Appendix B
The DOS Boot Record
A Boot Record is found on each DOS volume. It describes the
media.
Byte Description
0-2 Code
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