FROM: Johnny Cruz (520-621-1879; cruzj{at}email.arizona.edu)
January 8, 2009

Catalina Sky Survey Sets New Record for NEO Discoveries, Receives
Funding
Through 2012

The University of Arizona's Catalina Sky Survey has been awarded a
$3.16
million NASA grant to continue its search for near-Earth objects, or
NEOs,
through 2012.

Under the direction of Stephen M. Larson of the UA's Lunar and
Planetary
Laboratory, the survey, known as CSS, has discovered about 70 percent
of all
NEOs found in past three years.

CSS tallied 565 NEO discoveries in 2008, which broke its record-
setting
number of 460 NEO discoveries in 2007.

Thanks to an additional $250,000 NASA grant, which was matched by
private
donations, the survey is now positioning itself to become even more
productive.

CSS is about to open a new high-speed communications link and begin
operating another telescope, a 1-meter, or 40-inch, telescope that is
being
refurbished with a new mirror and new software. It will be housed in a
new
22-foot dome that was constructed next to the UA's 1.5 meter, or 60-
inch,
Mount Lemmon telescope north of Tucson.

The refurbished, automated telescope "represents a huge increase in
potential survey productivity," said CSS co-investigator Ed Beshore,
who is
principal investigator on the $3.16 million NASA grant.

The telescope, which will be operational this summer, will be used to
quickly follow up NEO discoveries, increasing the team's surveying
time on
other telescopes by 20 to 25 percent.

CSS will hire undergraduate students as follow-up coordinators,
Beshore
added. Students will be able to access the previous night's observing
data
from their desks on campus the following morning, thanks to the
improved
communications link to the mountain observatory.

Beshore has been working to install a microwave broadband link that
will
connect Mount Lemmon to Mount Bigelow, and Mount Bigelow to the roof
of
Steward Observatory on campus 22 miles away.

The CSS team takes about 20 gigabytes of data with each one of its
telescopes per night. Increasing Internet throughput by a factor of 50
will
not only permit CSS to move their data to campus more easily, but also
provide improved access to the Internet for all researchers using
telescopes
in the Santa Catalina Mountains.

CSS is the only NEO survey that covers both Northern and Southern
hemispheres.

Six observers use the UA's 1.5 meter, or 60-inch, reflector telescope
at
Steward Observatory's Mount Lemmon site and the 0.7 meter, or 28-inch,
Schmidt telescope on Mount Bigelow in the Santa Catalina Mountains
north of
Tucson. Two observers use Australian National University's 0.5 meter,
or
20-inch, Uppsala Schmidt telescope at Siding Spring, New South Wales,
Australia.

NASA began funding the Catalina Sky Survey in 1998 as part of the 10-
year,
congressionally mandated national Spaceguard program to detect, track,
catalog and characterize potentially hazardous asteroids and comets
that
could approach the Earth.

The goal has been to locate at least 90 percent of Earth-approaching
objects
at or larger than one kilometer in diameter, or about two-thirds of a
mile,
by the end of the decade.

"We're about 85 percent there," Larson said.

Objects one-third kilometer in diameter, or roughly 1,000 feet across,
would
explode with 24 times the energy of the world's largest thermonuclear
bomb
explosion, a 58-megaton Soviet bomb exploded in 1961, in an impact
with
Earth.

In 2005, Congress further mandated NASA to identify and assess
potentially
hazardous near-Earth asteroids and comets 140 meters in diameter, or
500
feet across. Earth impacts by 140-meter objects occur only once every
several thousand years, Larson said, but they would be powerful enough
to
wipe out cities.

"A key point of our survey is that we do nearly real-time analysis of
the
objects which we think may be NEOs," Larson said. That being the case,
"We
can get more observations per night, extend the object's observed
orbital
arc to better establish whether it is a near-Earth object, then alert
others
to get more follow-up observations."

The CSS team proved the power of their technique early last October,
when
CSS observer Richard Kowalski on Mount Lemmon discovered Asteroid 2008
TC3,
an object only about 6 feet across that entered Earth's atmosphere and
disintegrated over Sudan.

Such small impact events occur several times a year around the globe.
But
this is the first time scientists discovered an asteroid before it
reached
Earth and predicted when and where the impact would be.

CSS immediately alerted scientists at the Minor Planet Center in
Cambridge,
Mass., and NASA's Near Earth Object Program in Pasadena, Calif., who
were
able to calculate the asteroid would hit Earth's atmosphere over the
Sudan
19 hours after Kowalski spotted it.

"There's a bit of a misperception that what we do is find objects that
are
incoming, like the Sudan object," Larson said. "That's not the case."

"We're hoping to find objects that many orbits down the road might be
hazardous, so that we have enough time to do something about them," he
said.
"We can calculate orbits quite accurately. We hope that we would have
a few
decades to study and characterize these things, and come up with the
best
plans to nudge them into another orbit so that it misses the Earth."

As of January 2, 2009, according to scientists with NASA's Near Earth
Object
Program, observers had discovered 5,955 NEOS, including 763 asteroids
at
least 1 kilometer in diameter.

So far, 1,008 NEOs larger than 140 meters have been found that come
within
4.5 million miles of the Earth's orbit and are thus classified as
potentially hazardous objects because they may be perturbed into
impacting
trajectories in the future.

CONTACTS:
Ed Beshore (520-621-4900; ebeshore{at}lpl.arizona.edu)
Steve Larson (520-621-4973; slarson{at}lpl.arizona.edu
 )

VIDEO:
http://uanews.org/node/23269
--- SBBSecho 2.12-Win32