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echo: linux
to: ALL
from: LIBOT
date: 1998-05-01 04:00:00
subject: Linux FAQ 2/3

   Section "Module"
       Load "xf86Wacom.so"
   EndSection
   Section "XInput"
   SubSection "WacomStylus"
      Port "/dev/ttyS0"
      DeviceName "WacomStylus"
      Mode Absolute                      
      AlwaysCore
   EndSubSection
   SubSection "WacomEraser"
      Port "/dev/ttyS0"
      DeviceName "WacomEraser"
   EndSubSection
   When declaring the mouse, use a different port.
   Gimp supports the Wacom pad, but not the pression                 
sensitivity. They're   working on it.
  3. SOFTWARE TIPS & TRICKS FOR GENERAL USE
   
   3.1   What is
   As a general rule, the Help command under unix is "man". When stuck,
   typing "man xxx" where xxx is what you are trying to figure out,         
   should bring you a step closer to heaven. Many programs also come
   with built-in help, albeit rudimentary, which can be summonned by
   progname --help or progname --h. If that fails, try the usual
   cocktail of /h /? -h -? --?,                    
etc. Another help system is "whatis", ie   "whatis ls" or "apropos" ie 
"apropos ls" or "info".
   3.2   How do I mount a floppy/drive/zip ?
   one of the most difficult things to grasp for unix beginners is the
   disappearance of                      
"Drives as we know Them" (Tm). Each peripheral must   be hooked onto the 
system (mounted), and unhooked when gone (ex:
   floppy). The command is called "mount". Used by itself, the command
   will list the available "drives", give                       
the name of the physical   device, the mount point, and the file system type.
   To read a floppy, you have to mount it first:
   mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy
   this calls for several comments:
        /dev/fd0 is the generic name of                      
the A: device. Depending on your        distribution, you may or may not have 
this device. As a general
        rule, have a look at the /dev directory. Anything starting with
        hd is a hard drive (usually; exception: IDE cdrom), anything          
        starting with fd is a floppy drive. fd0 is A:, fd1 is B:, etc.
        The floppy may be qualified: fd0H1440 or fd0h1440 is the usual
        1.4 mega floppy. This is also valid for hard drives except that
        the system                      
is letter-based, and that the logical numerical order is        not followed 
when you have an extended (in dos partition terminology)
        partition. A first disk with a 300megs fat/dos partition and an
        extended logical partition              
for Linux may look like /dev/hda1        (c:) /dev/hda6 (d:)
        /mnt/floppy is the name of a directory that must exist. You can
        mount any device anywhere, but if something is already mounted, it
        won't be visible                     
anymore, ie if you have /dev/hda1 mounted on        /mnt/hd and you then 
mount /dev/hda2 on /mnt/hd, you'll no longer
        be able to access /dev/hda1
   3.3   How can I modify / customize my system
        Unfortunately, each                       
distribution assumes a different        organization. As a general rule, here 
is how it works:
        (original description: Ed Suda)
        (+Francois Thunus + Sune Stjerneby)
        /bin/          "Required" binaries
        /boot/                 
        Various files used during booting including                       the 
kernel
        /dev/          Device "files" (used for I/O)
        /etc/          Assorted configuration files
        /etc/rc.d/     more assorted configuration              
files related to                       system initialization.
        /home/         Users' home directories go in here
        /lib/          System libraries
        /proc/         Contains "files" with information on running
                          
                   processes        /root/         Root's home directory
        /sbin/         System binaries to be run only by root
                       But most (if not all) can be useful to users as
                       well                     
(e.g.  'mount' to see mounted drives,                       /sbin/ping etc.)
        /tmp/          For temporary files (often deleted during booting)
        /usr/          binaries and other files used in multiuser mode.
        /usr/lib/kbd/          
 keyboard configuration file+system fonts plus keymaps.        /var/          
Variable data.  The idea was/is:  only '/var'
                       needs to be mounted read-write.  What about
                       '/home' I hear someone                  
scream?  Well, /var/users                       was/is also a location used 
for user homes.
   A good way to start is to look at /etc/inittab which will give you
   the boot sequence, and from there follow the track. Other interesting      
             
   places include /etc/profile and /etc/rc.d/
   3.4   How can I change my printer's settings
   WW> I would like to change my printer port (parrallel port) from IRQ 7 to
   WW> lets say 5. I can do this in BIOS, and I can print just fine in Win95, 
  
   WW> but, how do I tell Linux that my printer is now on IRQ 5?
   (Rajesh Dhawan)
   Pass the following as an option to the kernel through LILO/LOADLIN
   command line:
   lp=port,irq
   e.g. If you use LILO add this at the top of /etc/lilo.conf     
   append="lp=0x378,5"
   where 0x378 should be replaced with your printer port address and
   5 with the intended irq.
   RTM if you use LOADLIN.
   Also check which of /dev/lp0, /dev/lp1, /dev/lp2 work for you.
   Then make a softlink                  
/dev/lp to that one adn you should be through.
   (Pablo Saratxaga)
   You must compile all parallel or related drivers as module, in
   /etc/conf.modules put the lines :
   options lp      io=0x.... irq=...
   options plip    io=0x... irq=...           
   Note however that module ppa (Zip // driver) doesn't has a parameter to
   tell it the irq. If that is annoying to you ask the ppa.o author
   (Grant R. Guenther, grant@torque.net) to add that feature.
   3.5   How do I know what system I have       
   uname -a   for version
   3.6   How do I change the typematic settings
   kbdrate -r {2-30} -d {250|500|750|1000}
   3.7   Can I upgrade my configuration and how ?
   If you intend to change configuration, there are at least 2 ways: if       
     
   your system allows upgrade (like RedHat), then by all means use it.
   Otherwise, it is often easier to save the relevant config file and do
   a reinstall. This is particularly true if you switch configuration,
   because the defaults                
used by debian are not the same as the ones of   slackware, which are 
different from caldera and redhat... Generally
   speaking, you may want to back up the /etc directory.
  (Albert Janssen)
  if using Red Hat:
  I suggest go play                     
with RPM, (did you look at RPM-sections of the  RH-Usersguide ? )
  I'll make a short summary (upgraded :-) :
  rpm -ivh foo-1.0.i386.rpm   (installing package)
  rpm -Uvh foo-1.1.i386.rpm   (upgrading ..)
  rpm -ev                     (removing ..)     
  rpm -q foo (prints packagename, version, release number)
  rpm -qa (show all packages installed)
  rpm -qa | grep lesstif (do I have LessTif installed ?)
  FuzzyVibe:~# rpm -qa | grep lesstif
  lesstif-0.80-2
  Yes, oh well, what is it ? ;-)          
  rpm -qi lesstif
  What files does the package contain ?
  rpm -qs lesstif
  Oh, where's the LessTif-FAQ, if any ?
  rpm -qs lesstif | grep -i "faq"
   3.8   How do I copy a file from the floppy
   > I'm a newbie to Linux. How do                      
I transfer a file called xrmp-2.1-   > 2.i386   from my A: floppy drive to my 
a home
   cp /floppy/xrmp-2.1-2.i386 $HOME
   That is assuming that /floppy exists.  If not, make it:
   mkdir /floppy
   Do all this as root.  It can be                       
made easier if you put entries into   /etc/fstab. It is required that you 
unmount any removable media
   BEFORE doing the removing: umount /floppy
   3.9   How do I know what processes are running ?
   ps -fax
   3.10  Known software                  
problems & solutions
   3.11  Xfree386 configuration
   3.12  Quick DOS/Linux map
   (Pasi Jaernstedt)
   DOS COMMAND:                    LINUX COMMAND:
   -------------------             ------------------------
   ASSIGN                              
                  mount and ln   ATTRIB                          chmod and 
chown
   BACKUP                          tar and cpio
   CALL                            sh  or only the scripts name if it 
has
                                           
              "running licence"   CD                              cd
   CHCP                            mapscrn
   CHKDSK                          fsck
   CLS                             clear
   COMP                            diff, cmp                 
   COPY                            cp
   DATE                            date
   DEL                             rm
   DELTREE                         rm -R  Be careful with this 
ne!
   DIR                             ls, find                
   DISKCOMP                        dd and diff or cmp
   DISKCOPY                        diskcopy
   DO                              do
   ECHO                            echo
   EDIT                            emacs, jed, vi etc.
                       
  ERASE                           rm   EXIT                            exit, 
logout
   FC                              diff, cmp
   FIND                            grep
   FOR                             for
   FORMAT                                     
           fdformat and mkfs   GOSUB                           separately 
defined function call
   GOTO                            ---
   HELP                            man and info
   IF                              if and test
                        
 KEYB                            loadkeys   LOADHIGH                        
you won't need this one in Linux
   MD                              mkdir
   MEM                             free, top, procinfo
   MKDIR                           mkdir         
   MORE                            more and less (less is better)
   MOVE                            mv
   PATH                            PATH=
   PAUSE                           doesn't exsist (dialog would much more)
   PRINT                          
                       lpr   PROMPT                          PS1=
   QUIT                            exit
   RD                              rmdir Be careful with this one!
   REM                             #
   REN                             mv       
   RESTORE                         tar, cpio
   RMDIR                           rmdir Be careful with this one!
   SET                             set,=, export
   SORT                            sort
   SUBST                         
                        mount ja ln   SYS                             lilo, 
cp 
   TIME                            date
   TREE                            ls -R, du
   TYPE                            cat
   UNDELETE                  
                       ---   VER                             uname
   VERIFY                          ---
   XCOPY                           cp
    3.13  How do I get ls in colors ?
    (John Burton)
    Enter the following in your /etc/profile        
    eval `dircolors -b`
    (Francois Thunus)
    if your shell allows it, and your "ls" supports it, use
    alias ls 'ls --color=auto' or
    alias ls="ls --color=auto"
    
    3.14 Is there a Norton Commander Clone ?
    yes. Even                    
2: probably the most complete is MC (midnight commander)    you'll find it 
anywhere, and for any platform (dos, OS/2, Linux, etc).
    There is also another one called GIT, which has the big advantage 
    of being smaller and hence                      
fits on a rescue floppy.
  4. RESOURCES
  
   4.1 Fidonet echoes /usenet newsgroups
   4.1.1 Fidonet:
      LINUX
      LINUX_TECH (Argentina)
      R34.LINUX  (Spain)
      R20_LINUX  (Sweden)
   4.1.2 Usenet :
      ahn.tech.linux               
      alt.os.linux
      alt.os.linux.caldera
      alt.os.linux.slackware
      alt.sex.fetish.linux
      alt.uu.comp.os.linux.questions
      at.fido.linux
      at.linux
      aus.computers.linux
      comp.os.linux
      comp.os.linux.68k           
      comp.os.linux.admin
      comp.os.linux.advocacy
      comp.os.linux.announce
      comp.os.linux.answers
      comp.os.linux.development.apps
      comp.os.linux.development.system
      comp.os.linux.hardware
      comp.os.linux.help             
      comp.os.linux.m68k
      comp.os.linux.misc
      comp.os.linux.networking
      comp.os.linux.questions
      comp.os.linux.setup
      comp.os.linux.x
      computer42.mail2news.linux-alert
      cz.comp.linux
      cz.comp.linux.czman           
      dc.org.linux-users
      de.alt.comm.isdn4linux
      de.alt.sources.linux.patches
      de.com.os.linux.networking
      de.comp.os.linux
      de.comp.os.linux.hardware
      de.comp.os.linux.misc
      de.comp.os.linux.networking                
      de.comp.os.linux.x
      ed.linux
      es.comp.os.linux
      fido.belg.fra.linux
      fido.belg.linux
      fido.ger.linux
      fido.linux-ger
      fido7.linux
      fido7.ru.linux
      fido7.ru.unix.linux
      fido7.unix.linux              
      fidonet.linux
      fj.os.linux
      fr.comp.os.linux
      fr.comp.os.linux.annonces
      git.unix.linux.mailing-lists.ale
      han.sys.linux
      hannet.ml.linux.680x0
      hannet.ml.linux.config
      hannet.ml.linux.kernel                 
      hannet.ml.linux.linuxnews
      hannet.ml.linux.net
      hannet.ml.linux.new-channels
      hannet.ml.linux.news
      hannet.ml.linux.nrao.linux-alert
      hannet.ml.linux.nrao.linux-security
      hannet.ml.linux.rutgers.linux-680x0            
      hannet.ml.linux.rutgers.linux-admin
      hannet.ml.linux.rutgers.linux-announce
      hannet.ml.linux.rutgers.linux-bbs
      hannet.ml.linux.rutgers.linux-config
      hannet.ml.linux.rutgers.linux-doc
      hannet.ml.linux.rutgers.linux-fido    
      hannet.ml.linux.rutgers.linux-ftp
      hannet.ml.linux.rutgers.linux-gcc
---
---------------
* Origin: Xara Sto pragma !(2:270/25.2)SEEN-BY: 170/400 270/25

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