>>> Part 10 of 15...
     ...
     Recently pharmaceutical companies also began to market on-
     site testing kits that do not require any machinery. 
     Keystone Diagnostics' KDI Quick Test, for example, selling
     for $6.50, uses a modified immunoassay technology that
     allows drugs to be identified through a color-code system. 
     Lacking both the sensitivity and specificity of automated
     immunoassay, testing kits are unlikely to capture a large
     segment of the work-place testing market, but they might
     appeal to parents who wish to test their children for
     illicit drugs.
     ...
     By 1988 employment drug tests accounted for about 5% of the
     laboratory industry's $5 billion in revenues, and industry
     experts expected that figure to double the following year.
     ...
     ... The federal government remains committed to work-place
     drug testing as a strategy in the war on drugs, and Congress
     keeps expanding the number of private sector workers who are
     covered under federal guidelines.  The drug-testing industry
     vigorously markets its product to employers, and through the
     American Drug Use Testing Association it lobbies at the
     state and federal levels for legislation that will expand
     its markets.  With many organizations, drug testing has
     become institutionalized, with administrative, legal, and
     medical staff who now have a stake in its perpetuation. 
     Thus whether or not it delivers on its promises to
     employers, drug testing is likely to remain a common feature
     of the American work-place and to play an even more
     important role in the long search for effective social
     controls over the use of psychoactive drugs.
[5]  THE NEW YORK TIMES, July 7th 1993.  Advertisement by the
Partnership for a Drug Free America, (these advertisements are
donated at a cost of around $17,000 a piece to the PDFA by the
New York Times, I am told.  No source is presented for the claims
that follow.)
     ``Drugs can devastate your small business.  Illegal drug
     users are absent more frequently than other workers.''
     ``They file more insurance claims, they cause injuries on
     the job, and they're less productive.''
     ``You lose.  Your employees lose.  Your customers lose.''
     ``You can't afford drug abuse.  You *can* afford to do
     something.  Drugs Don't Work.''
     [a telephone number is given for concerned employers to
     call.]
[6]  ``Behavioral and Biological Concomitant of Chronic Marijuana
Use''  U.S. Army study, 1974 by Dr. Jack H. Mendelson.  Official
summary as quoted in CONTEMPORARY DRUG PROBLEMS (Volume and date
unknown, but it is on page 449.)
     ...
     ... The behavioral and biological concomitant of chronic
     marijuana use were studied in a group of heavy and casual
     users under controlled research ward conditions. 
     Assessments of operant work performance revealed that most
     subjects showed no impairment in motivation to work for
     money reinforcement even when they smoked a large number of
     marijuana cigarettes.  Some dose related decrement in
     performance was noted following days of heavy marijuana
     smoking.  However, these decrements were probably not
     biologically significant.  No changes were observed in a
     large series of physical and laboratory assessments
     following marijuana smoking.  The only significant changes
     were those related to vital capacity (lung function) and
     these changes may be more closely related to the processes
     of smoking per se than to the pharmacological actions of
     marijuana.  No changes in testosterone level were observed
     following chronic marijuana smoking.  Significant weight
     gain was associated with marijuana smoking.  Marijuana also
     appeared to influence a number of complex social and
     psychological factors associated with personal interaction. 
     No evidence was obtained that marijuana produces any
     significant adverse effects on cognitive or neurological
     function.
[7]  (a newspaper article which has been clipped with no
reference appended -- I will try to find the reference if anyone
is interested.  JPM is the source of the 90% marijuana positive
estimate.)  TESTING EMPLOYEES FOR DRUGS  By Barbara Presley
Noble.
     ``It is a sacred cannon of belief of the urine testers that
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