On Thu, 13 May 2004 16:54:48 +0000 (UTC), pslant{at}yahoo.com (pslant)
wrote:

>I'm trying to make sense of some fundamental genetics and I struggle
>with this
>question;
>If the only information in the dna that is relevant are genes (correct
>me if I'm wrong)
>it shouldnt matter if 2 genes changed position? Or does it?
>If it does make a difference:
>could conceivably 2 genes have the exact same nukleotid-sequence?
>
>The reason I ask is to understand the "placement" of proteins.
>If a protein from a specific gene is placed in som gland,how does it
>know where
>to go. If the answer is that only cells in that gland "use" that
>specific
>gene ,how does cells in other parts of the body know NOT to make that
>protein.
>
>As you see I'm new to this, references would be much appreciated!

The references would be any intro biology textbook.  
A relatively elementary on-line source is 
  http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html
The "hard-core" stuff is listed at
  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=Books&itool=toolbar

The "content" of the gene is the sequence of nucleotides that
specifies the amino acids in a particular protein.  However, there are
control areas that determine which particular genes are to be "read"
in any particular cell at any particular time.  It does seem to be
important just where the genes are placed in the sense that it may be
possible to "unwind" a length of DNA and make it readable or else to
"wind it up" and make it unreadable.  Being located in the proper
region is then important.

Each cell only activates specific genes, hence makes specific
proteins.  Of course there are many proteins that are basic to
fundamental processes of biochemistry or molecular biology and are
expressed in all cells.  However each differentiated cell type also
makes its own particular proteins.  Also, cells make specific proteins
only at specific times or in response to particular conditions or
environments.  Some of this comes under the subject of "cell
differentiation".  Others under the topic of "gene regulation" or
"gene expression".  Search google for these subjects, also adding the
term "tutorial" to help you select suitable sites to investigate.
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